Audit Methodology

This document describes the tools, techniques, and processes used in the Abba Baba V1 smart contract security audit.

Audit Phases

Phase 1: Automated Static Analysis

Tool: Slither v0.10.x

Slither is a static analysis framework that detects common vulnerabilities, code optimization opportunities, and best practice violations.

# Command used
slither . --exclude-dependencies --filter-paths "test|mock|archive"

Results: 38 findings analyzed

• 0 High
• 0 Medium (after false positive review)
• 3 Low
• 35 Informational

Phase 2: Manual SWC Registry Review

The SWC Registry catalogs 37 known smart contract weaknesses. Each contract was manually reviewed against all applicable categories.

Key Categories Checked:

Phase 3: Invariant Testing

Invariant tests verify properties that must always hold, regardless of the sequence of operations.

Test File: contracts/test/invariants.test.js

Invariants Tested:

// 1. Escrow Balance Invariant
// Contract token balance >= sum of all active escrow amounts
 
// 2. Fee Accounting Invariant
// For any escrow: buyerFee == amount * 100 / 10000
 
// 3. Status Transition Invariant
// Status can only progress forward (None→Funded→Delivered→Released)
 
// 4. Registration Points Invariant
// getRegistrationPoints always >= 0
 
// 5. Unlock Threshold Invariant
// canWork(agent) == (getTotalScore(agent) >= 40)
 
// 6. Timing Bounds Invariant
// disputeWindow in [5min, 24hr]
// abandonmentGrace in [1hr, 30 days]

Results: 23 invariant tests passing

Phase 4: Economic Attack Modeling

Game theory analysis of potential attack vectors:

1. Sybil Attacks — Cost to create fake identities
2. Scam Profitability — Expected value of malicious behavior
3. Dispute Gaming — Incentives for frivolous disputes
4. Front-Running — Race condition analysis
5. MEV Extraction — Arbitrage opportunity analysis

See Economic Analysis for detailed results.

Phase 5: Fuzz Testing

Automated randomized input testing to discover edge cases and unexpected behaviors.

Tools Used:

• Foundry: 100,000+ runs per function
• Echidna: Stateful property-based fuzzing

Example Fuzz Test:

/// @custom:fuzz runs=100000
function testFuzz_escrowAmounts(uint256 amount) public {
    amount = bound(amount, MIN_ESCROW, MAX_ESCROW);
    bytes32 jobId = createFuzzEscrow(amount);
    assertEq(escrow.getAmount(jobId), amount);
}

Results: No vulnerabilities found after 100,000+ randomized inputs per function.

Phase 6: Mutation Testing

Verification that test suite catches intentionally introduced bugs.

Tool: Gambit v0.3.x

Process:

1. Generate mutants (modify code with common bug patterns)
2. Run full test suite against each mutant
3. Verify tests fail for each mutation (kill the mutant)

Results: 90% kill rate (108/120 mutants killed)

Phase 7: Formal Verification

Mathematical proofs that certain properties hold for all possible inputs.

Tool: Certora Prover

Properties Verified:

• ✅ Escrow balance always covers active escrows
• ✅ Fees are exactly 2% of transaction amount
• ✅ Status transitions are monotonic (never backward)
• ✅ No reentrancy in external calls
• ✅ Access control enforced on all admin functions
• ✅ Timing bounds respected for agent-negotiable parameters

Results: 12/12 specifications verified (45 minutes runtime)

See Testing & Verification for detailed test documentation.

Tools Used

Test Execution

Running the Test Suite

cd contracts
 
# Run all tests
npx hardhat test
 
# Run invariant tests only
npx hardhat test --grep "Invariant"
 
# Run fuzz tests (Foundry)
forge test --fuzz-runs 100000
 
# Run mutation tests
gambit mutate && gambit test
 
# Run formal verification
certoraRun certora/conf/*.conf
 
# Run with gas reporting
REPORT_GAS=true npx hardhat test
 
# Run with coverage
npx hardhat coverage

Current Results

69 passing (6s)
├── Unit Tests: 46 tests
│   ├── AbbababaEscrow V1 Suite: 15 tests
│   ├── AbbababaScoreV1 Registration: 12 tests
│   ├── AbbababaResolverV1: 10 tests
│   └── ReviewerPaymentV1: 9 tests
└── Invariant Tests: 23 tests

Fuzz Tests: 100,000+ runs per function (no failures)
Mutation Testing: 108/120 mutants killed (90%)
Formal Verification: 12/12 specs verified

Code Review Checklist

Access Control

• All sensitive functions have role modifiers
• Role hierarchy is properly configured
• DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE cannot be accidentally renounced
• No public functions that should be restricted

Reentrancy

• All external-calling functions use nonReentrant
• CEI pattern followed (Checks-Effects-Interactions)
• SafeERC20 used for all token transfers
• No callback vulnerabilities

Input Validation

• All parameters validated with descriptive errors
• Zero-address checks where applicable
• Bounds checking on numeric inputs
• Array length limits where applicable

Upgrade Safety (UUPS)

• _disableInitializers() in constructor
• _authorizeUpgrade() restricted to admin
• Storage gaps for future variables
• No constructor state initialization

Economic Security

• Fee calculations verified
• Minimum fee floors prevent dust attacks
• No overflow/underflow in calculations
• Funds cannot be locked permanently

Verification Process

1. Pre-Audit Preparation

# Ensure clean state
npx hardhat clean
npx hardhat compile
 
# Verify all tests pass
npx hardhat test

2. Static Analysis

# Run Slither
slither . --exclude-dependencies
 
# Review each finding manually
# Categorize as: Critical/High/Medium/Low/Info/False-Positive

3. Manual Review

• Read each contract line-by-line
• Map state transitions
• Trace fund flows
• Identify external calls
• Verify access controls

4. Invariant Testing

• Write tests for core invariants
• Run with various input combinations
• Verify edge cases

5. Economic Modeling

• Calculate attack costs
• Model expected values
• Identify break-even points
• Document assumptions

Limitations

What This Audit Covers

• Smart contract logic
• Access control
• Reentrancy protection
• Economic incentives
• Gas optimization

What This Audit Does NOT Cover

• Off-chain components (backend, UI)
• Key management practices
• Operational security
• Third-party dependencies (OpenZeppelin audited separately)
• Future contract upgrades

Continuous Security

We run comprehensive security testing daily and publish all results transparently.

What We’ve Achieved

1. ✅ 97%+ test coverage across all contracts
2. ✅ 90% mutation kill rate (108/120 mutants detected)
3. ✅ Fuzz testing with Foundry and Echidna
4. ✅ Formal verification specs with Certora
5. ✅ Static analysis with Slither and Mythril (0 High/Medium)
6. ✅ 287 automated tests running on every commit
7. ✅ Daily audit reports published for full transparency

Ongoing Improvements

• Targeting 95%+ mutation kill rate
• Expanding Certora formal verification rules
• Adding more edge case tests for Resolver and Staking
• Continuous monitoring and daily test runs

Appendix: Raw Reports

The following raw reports are available in the repository:

contracts/audit/
├── AUDIT_REPORT.md           # Main audit report
├── static-analysis-findings.md  # Slither analysis
├── swc-review.md             # SWC checklist
├── economic-analysis.md      # Attack modeling
└── slither-report.txt        # Raw Slither output